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ÁB¥¿ªº­·ÀI (Risk) ¦³¡G(1) ³E¤ú (2) ¤ú©P¯f (3) ¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ (4) ù®ÃEÃö¸`»Ùê (5) ¯f¤H¤£¦X§@ (6) ªvÀø«áªº´_µo (7) ÁB¥¿¤O (Mechanical force) ³y¦¨ªº¶Ë®` (8) ªvÀø­pµe¿ù»~ (9) ÁB¥¿«á¤ú¾¦«¬ºAªº°ÝÃD (10) Âå®v»P¯f¤H°l¨D¥Ø¼Ðªº¤£¤@­P (11) ¶O¥Î°ÝÃD¡C¨ä¤¤¥H¤ú®Ú§l¦¬¤Îù®ÃEÃö¸`»Ùê¡A¬OÁB¥¿ªvÀø¤§«e³ÌÃø¹w´ú¡A¦Ó¨Æ«á¤]³ÌÃø³B²zªº¡C


Âå®vµLªk¨M©w¯f¤HªºÅé½è»Pµo¯f¾÷²v¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦bªvÀø«e¡A¬Æ¦ÜªvÀø·í¤¤¥J²ÓÀˬd¡B¸Ô²Ó°Ý¶E¡A¬d¥X­·ÀIªº°ª§C¡A¦A¨M©wªvÀø»P§_¡B©Î¤¤Â_ªvÀø¡B©ÎÁYµuªvÀø´Á¶¡¡B©Î§ó§ïªvÀø­pµe¡C¦b¤é¥»¡A6000¤¸¤é¹ô§Y¥i§@3»õ«OÀIª÷ªº«O»Ù¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¥Ñ«OÀI¤½¥q¥h©M¯f¤H·¾³q¡AÂå®v¤£¥Î¥X­±¡A¤£¹L«e´£¬OÂå®vªº¯f¾ú¬ö¿ý¤@©w­n¸ÔºÉ¡G¥Î¤°»ò¤èªk¡B¤O¶q¦h¤j¡B¥Î¦h¤[¡A³o¨Ç¬ö¿ý¥iÂç²MÂå®vªº³d¥ô¡A¤ÎÁ×§KÂåÀøªÈ¯É¡C¦Ó¹ï©ó¨º¨ÇµL¬G¤£¦^¶Eªº¯f¤H¡A­n°µ¦n¬ö¿ý¡A®É±`­P¹q¯f¤H­n¨D¦^¶E¡A¨Ã¯d¤U§¹¾ã¬ö¿ý¡CµL½×¦óºØ¤èªk¡A³Ì­«­nªºÁÙ¬O¹ý©³ªº°õ¦æ¡yªvÀø«e»¡©ú-¦P·N¡z(Informed-Consent)¤Î¸Ô²Óªº¯f¾ú¬ö¿ý¡A¥H´£¨Ñªk«ß¨Ì¾Ú¡C¥H¤U¥ý´N´X­Ó¸û°ª­·ÀI¶µ¥Ø§@³v¤@°Q½×¡C


(1) ³E¤ú¡G¤úµß´³ (plaque) ªº»E¶°·|²£¥Í»Ä©Êª«½è¡A¦Ó¾É­P³E¤ú¡A©Ò¥H¤úµß´³ªº±±¨î«D±`­«­n¡C¨ê¤ú¬O¥h°£¤úµß´³³Ì­«­nªº¤èªk¡A¥H45«×¨¤ªº¨ê¤ò¨Ó¥h°£ÁB¥¿¾¹»P¤úÅi¤§¶¡ªº´Ý´í¡A¶¶«K¤]«ö¼¯´X¤U¤úÅi²Õ´¡F¥t¥~¦b¤Á½t (Incisal edge) ³B¡A¥H¥ª¥k1~2mmªº¤p´T¾_°Ê¡A¨Ó¥h°£¤úµß´³¡C¦pªG³E¤ú¤F¡A¥H½Æ¦X¾ð¯×¤p¤ß¸Éºó¡A§Y¥i«ì´_¥~Æ[¡C¥t¥~¦b©î¥hÁB¥¿¾¹®É¡AºÉ¶q¥ÎÁB¥¿±M¥ÎªºÂë¿ûÆp°w (tungsten carbide bur) ¨Ó¾_°Ê¾ð¯×¡AÅý¤ú¾¦«O«ù¥ú¿A¡A¤£­n¥Î¿i¥úÆp°w (polishing bur)¡A¥H§K·l¥¢¾¦­±¥ú¿A¡C
a. ¤ú¾¦Â_µõ (Fracture)¡G­Y¤Á½t³B¥X²{Â_µõ¡A¥i²³æ¿i¥­­×¹¢¡C¦pªGÂ_µõ¨ü·lªº¾¦½è¤Ó¦h¡A¥i¥H±NÁB¥¿¾¹ÂH¤W¤è¤@¨Ç¡A±N¤ú¾¦µy·L©Ô¥X¨Ó¤@ÂI¡A¥H«K­×¹¢µõ¤f¡A¥u¬O­nª`·N¡A¤úÅi½t¥i¯à·|¸òµÛ­°¤U¨Ó¤@ÂI¡AÄY­«®ÉÁٻݭn§@¤úÅi¾ã§Î¤â³N¡A©Î¿i±¼¤@¨Ç°©²Õ´¨Ï¤ú¾¦¹ïºÙ¡C
b. ¤ú¾¦Åܦâ (Discoloration)¡G¤ú¾¦Åܦâ±`¦]¤úÅèÃa¦º¡B³E¤ú¡B©Î¥~¶Ë³y¦¨¡A¶·§@®ÚºÞªvÀø¡A¨Ã¬ö¿ý²M·¡¡A¤§«á¥i°µ¬ü¥ÕªvÀø¡A¥H«D¬¡©Ê¤úwalking bleachªº¤è¦¡ªvÀø¡A¦ý¶·ª`·Nªº¬O¥ÎÃĤ£¥i¥H¶W¹L¤ú¹V½è-¤ú°©½è¥æ¬É (CEJ)¡A§_«hÃĪ«·|¶¶¤ú¥»½è¤pºÞº¯³z¶i¤J¤ú®Ú¡A¤Þ°_¤ú®Ú§l¦¬¡C
c. ¤úÅ諬ºA (Pulp form)¡G¦p¤p¦Ý¾¦¤¤¤ß¤úªú (Central tuberculum)¡A¬OªF¤è¤H¯S¦³ªº¯S¼x¡AÁB¥¿¯f¤H¤¤1-2¢H·|¸I¨ì¡A¤úÅèµÄ»rÅS¤Þµo»Äµh¡A¥i¥Î¬Á¼þÂ÷¤lÅé©ÎDycalÂÐÅè (pulp capping)¡A¸Ñ¨M»Äµh°ÝÃD¡C


(2) ¤ú©P¯f¡G¥D­nÁÙ¬O¦]¬°¤úµß´³ªº²£¥Í¤Î¹½®ñµß (Anaerobic bacteria) ªº»E¶°³y¦¨¡AÁ{§É³Ì±`¨£¨ì¬°¤úÅiµäÁY (Gingiva recession) ¥H¤Î¶Â¤T¨¤°Ï (Black triangle)¡A¬Æ¦ÜÄY­«ªº·|³y¦¨¤ú­±¬ï¤Õ (Fenestration) ¤Î¤ú°©¬y¥¢¡A»Ý­n»P¤ú©P±M¬ìÂå®v¦n¦n°t¦XªvÀø¡A¬Æ¦Ü»Ý­n¥ý©î°£ÁB¥¿¾¹¡Aµ¥¤ú¶gª¬ªpí©w¦AÄ~ÄòÁB¥¿ªvÀø¡C
a. ¤úÅiµäÁY¡G°£¤F¤ú©P¯fªº­ì¦]¥~¡A§@ÁB¥¿®É¡A¦³¨Ç°Ê§@¤úÅiµäÁY¡A¦pChincap©ÎªÅ¶¡ºû«ù¾¹ (Lingual holding arch)ªº¨Ø±a¡Aµo¥Í®É¡AÀ³©ñºCÀøµ{©Î±N¤ú®Ú©¹¸Ì­±À½¤@ÂI¡AÅý°©²Õ´¥Íªø¦^¨Ó§Y¥i¡C
b. ¶Â¤T¨¤°Ï (Black triangle)¡G¶Â¤T¨¤°Ï¬O«ü¾¦¶¡¨Å¬ð (Interproximal dental papilla) ®ø¥¢¡A±q¤ú¾¦¾F±µ­±±µÄ²ÂI (Contact point) ¨ì¾¦¼Ñ嵴 (Crest of bone) ªº¶ZÂ÷¶W¹L5mm¡A«h¦³¶W¹L44¢Hªº¯f±w¡A·|¥X²{¶Â¤T¨¤°Ï (Black triangle)¡C
c. ¤ú­±¬ï¤Õ (Fenestration)¡G¥Ø«e¦³¤@¨Ç·sÃĦpEmdogain¥i¶î¼Å©ó¤ú®Ú­±¡A¥i¥Î¨Ó¦A¥Í²Õ´¦p¤ú°©½è (Cementum) ©Î¤ú©P²Õ´ (Periodontal tissue)¡A®ÄªG©|¨Î¡C


(3)  ¤ú®Ú§l¦¬¡G70-80%ÁB¥¿¯f¨Ò·|µo¥Í¥¿±`©Êªº¤ú®Ú§l¦¬¡A¬Æ¦Ü¨S°µÁB¥¿ªº±wªÌ¤]·|¦]¬°«r¦X¤£¨}¡A¦Ó¦­¦³¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº²{¶H¡C¬°¦ó·|³y¦¨¤ú®Ú§l¦¬©O¡H¥H¹ï¤ú¾¦µw«×ªº´ú¶q¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¼Æ­È¦p¤U¡G¤ú¹V½èEnamel (225)¡B¤ú¥»½èDentine (211)¡B¥Ö½è°©cortical bone (164)¡B¤ú°©½èCementum (159)¡B®üºø°©spongy bone (119)¡A©Ò¥HÁB¥¿ªvÀø®É¡A¤ú¾¦ªº²¾°Ê¦pªG¦b®üºø°©¸Ì­±¡A¥Ñ©ó¤ú®Úªí­±ªº¤ú°©½è¤ñ®üºø°©µw«Ü¦h¡A©Ò¥H¤£·|§l¦¬¡C¦ý¬O¦pªG¸I¤W¥Ö½è°©®É¡A´N·|µw¸Iµw¡A¦¹®ÉÂå®v´N­n¤p¤ß¥X²{¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº²{¶H¤F¡C


¦bÁ{§É¤W©Ò§@ªº¹êÅç (Clinical correlates of root resorption) «ü¥X¡A¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº¤ñ¨Ò¬O¨Ì¥H¤U¶¶§Ç»¼´î¡G¤WÃE°¼ªù¤ú(1.52)¡B¤WÃE¥¿ªù¤ú (1.27)¡B¤WÃE¤ü¤ú (1.16)¡B¤UÃE¤ü¤ú (0.91)¡B¤UÃE°¼ªù¤ú (0.84)¡B¤UÃE¥¿ªù¤ú(0.89)¡A¦Ó³æ®Ú¤ú·|¤ñ¦h®Ú¤ú§l¦¬¶q¸û¤j (µù¡G¤£¹L¤p¦Ý¾¦¦]¨ü¤Oªº½t¬G§l¦¬¶q¬O©Ò¦³¤ú¾¦³Ì¤pªº)¡C


¦³¨Ç¯f¤H¦]«r¦X¤£¨}¡A¦bªvÀø«e´N¥X²{¤ú®Ú§l¦¬¡AªvÀø¤§«á¦³¥i¯à¦AÄ~Äò§l¦¬1-2mm¡C¤£¹L¦pªGªvÀø«á«r¦X¥i¥H§ïµ½´N¥i¥HÄ~ÄòªvÀø¡C¥u­nºÉ¶q«O¦u²¾°Ê¡A¤p½d³ò°Ê§@¡A´N¤£·|¦³¤j°ÝÃD¡C¦³¯f¨Ò«ü¥X¡A§l¦¬±¼ªº¤ú®Ú¡A¼Æ¦~«á³ºµMªø¦^¨Ó1-2mm¤§¦h¡A¥u¬O¤£ª¾¹D³o¥Íªø²Õ´¬O¤ú°©½èÁÙ¬O¤ú¥»½è¡C


±q¯f¨Ò¬ã¨sµo²{¡A«r¦X¤£¨}»PÁB¥¿ªvÀø¡A¨Ã¤£¬O³y¦¨¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº¥²µM±ø¥ó¡A¤Ï¦Ó¬O¸ò­Ó¤HÅé½è¦³«Ü¤jªºÃö«Y¡C¥t¥~­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦b¸Ñ¨M«e¤ú¿ù«r®É¡A«e¤ú«á°h¡A¨Ï±o«e¤ú¤ú®Ú¥~¬ð¡A¼²À»¥Ö½è°©¡A³o·|¨Ï±o³y¦¨¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº¥i¯à©Ê¼W¥[¡C


¨ä¥LÁÙ¦³¤@ºØ¯f¨Ò¡G¦]¬°¾ÖÀ½ªºÃö«Y¡A¦b¤ú§É°©¤º¤ü¤ú¥d¦b°¼ªù¾¦®Ú¦y³B¡A¦]¬°¤ú¥»½èªºµw«×»·¤j©ó¤ú°©½è¡A³y¦¨°¼ªù¤ú¤ú®Ú§l¦¬¡C


¥ç¦³¯f¨ÒÅã¥Ü¡G¤ú­F¦b¥Íªø®É¡A·|©¹¤WÃEÃE°© (Palatal bone) ¸ÌÆp¡Aµ²ªG¸I¨ì«Üµwªº¥Ö½è°©¡A¨Ï±o¤ú­F²Õ´³Q§l¦¬¡A¥­¥Õ¥¢¥h¤@­Ó¤ú­F²Õ´¡C


¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº¤ÀÃþ¡G
a. ªí­±§l¦¬ (Surface resorption)¡G³oºØ§l¦¬¬O¦]¬°¤ú®Úªí­±ªº¥Ö½è°©§e¤£³W«hªº¥W¥Y§Îª¬¡C(¨£¹Ï¤@)
b. ª¢©Ê§l¦¬ (Inflammation resorption)¡G¬O±q¤úÅèµoª¢¦Ó¨Óªº²{¶H¡C(¨£¹Ï¤G)
c. ¨ú¥N©Ê§l¦¬-°©©ÊªgÂH (Replacement resorption- ankylosis)¡G¤£·íÁB¥¿ªvÀø¦³¥i¯à·|³y¦¨°©©ÊªgÂH¡C¦¨¤H°©­«¶ì (bone remodeling) ªº³t«×¸ûºC¡A©Ò¥H§l¦¬¸ûºC¡A¤ñ¸û®e©ö²£¥ÍªgÂH¡C¤p«Ä¤lªº§l¦¬³t«×«h¸û§Ö¡A°©½è­««Øªº³t«×¤]¸û§Ö¡A¸û¤£©ö²£¥ÍªgÂH¡C(¨£¹Ï¤T)


Dr. Andreasen¹ï°©©ÊªgÂHªº¤ú¾¦§@¥X¤@­Óµ²½×¡A¦pªG¶Ë¤f¤pªº²Õ´¡A¥i¦A¥Í¥X·sªºªþ³s²Õ´ (attachment tissue) ¨Ó­×´_¡A¦P®É³y¤ú°©½è²Ó­M (Cementoblast) ¥i¥H¶i¨Ó­×¸É°_¨Ó¡A°©ÀY¸òµÛªø¶i¨Ó¡A¨â¤Ñ§Y¥i­×´_§¹¦¨¡A¤£·|³y¦¨ªgÂH¡C¦ý¹ï¶Ë¤f¸û¤jªº²Õ´¡A¥i¯à¸û®e©ö²£¥ÍªgÂH¡A·|³y¦¨¥Ã¤[©Ê¶Ë®`¡C


¤ú®Ú§l¦¬ªº¦M¾÷¦]¯À(Risk factors)¦³¤U¦C¡G
a. ªvÀø´Áªºªøµu (Duration of treatment)
b. ¤ú¾¦²¾°Êªº¶q (Amount of movement)
c. ¤ú¾¦²¾°Êªº¤è¦¡ (Pattern of movement)
d. ÁB¥¿©Ò¬Iªº¤O¶q (Strength of force)
e. ¬I¤Oªº§Î¦¡ (Pattern of force)
f. ªvÀøªº¾÷¨î (Mechanics of treatment)
g. ¿ò¶Ç¦]¯À (Hereditary factor)
h. ¦~ÄÖ¦]¯À (Age)
i. ©Ê§O¦]¯À (Gender)
j. ¤ú¾¦ªººØÃþ (kinds of teeth)
k. ¤ú®Úªº«¬ºA (Morphology of root)


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(4) ù®ÃEÃö¸`»Ùê (TMD) »PÁB¥¿ªºÃö«Y¡G1980¦~¥N¦b¬ü°ê±K¦è®Ú¤@­Ó¤p¤k«Äªº¯f¨Ò¡AÅýÂå®v±Ñ¶D½ßÀv¤F500¸U¬ü¤¸¡A¤§«á±K¦è®Ú¤j¾Ç¤@¦ì±Ð±Â§@¤F¤@½g¤å³¹¡AÃÒ¹êÁB¥¿»PTMDµLÃö¡A¤~¸Ñ¨M¤F³oºØ­·ÀIµ¹Âå®v±a¨ÓªºµJ¼{¡C
¨ä¹ê¡A¤@¯ë¥¼°µÁB¥¿ªº¤H´N¤w¸g¦³¤@¥bªº¾÷²v·|¿©±wTMD¡A¦ÓTMDªº¯gª¬¦p¤U¡G
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b. ±i¤f³¬¤f¦³¾¸­µ
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h. ÀYµh
i. ¦Õ¤º¯kµh
j. µo­µ»Ùê


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¯f±w (Host) ¥»¨­ªº©è§Ü¤O (Defense) »PTMD¦³µ´¹ïªºÃö«Y¡A¦A¥[¤WÀ£¤O¦]¯À (Mechanical stress) »P¦~ÄÖ¦]¯À(Age)¡A§Y·|³y¦¨¯gª¬¥X²{¡C
TMDªºªvÀø¤èªk (±q¥i°f©ÊªvÀø¶}©l¡A¦p¦³»Ý­n¦A¤p¤ßªº¥[¤W¤£¥i°f©ÊªvÀø)¡G
a. ¥i°f©ÊªvÀø¡G§@«r¦XªO (Splint) ªº«O¦u©ÊªvÀø
b. ¤£¥i°f©ÊªvÀø¡G«r¦X½Õ¾ã (Occlusal adjustment)¡B°²¤ú­««Ø (Prosthetic treatment)¡BÁB¥¿ªvÀø (Orthodontic treatment)


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